The Black-tailed deer, or Blacktail deer, is a species of deer found in western North America, specifically the Pacific Northwest region.

Black-tailed Deer once ranged at least as far as Wyoming.

It is sometimes classified as a subspecies of the mule deer, as reflected in its scientific name Odocoileus hemionus columbianus as compared to the Rocky Mountain mule deer's Odocoileus hemionus hemionus. However this classification is not widely followed.

These animals are now common at least in Western Oregon and Washington as well as Northern California, but there remains confusion over their proper classification. They are a very popular game animal, in thrive on the edge of the forest, as the dark forest lacks the underbrush and grasslands that the deer prefer as food, and the totally open areas lack the hiding spots and the cover they prefer for harsh weather.

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